When Do Bunions Require Surgery?

A bunion develops as a conspicuous protrusion at the base of your big toe joint. Despite its lump-like appearance, it’s essentially the joint itself. 

Bunions may start as only a cosmetic concern, causing your toes to appear irregular and making it challenging to find properly fitting, stylish footwear. However, over time, they can escalate into more severe issues.

At Adler Foot and Ankle, with convenient offices in North Miami Beach and Hallandale, Florida, foot and ankle surgeons Laura Adler, DPM, and Charlton Adler, DPM, specialize in diagnosing and treating bunions. 

Here, they explain how to decide whether your bunions require surgery. 

Is the main issue aesthetic?

Bunion surgery isn't a cosmetic fix. For aesthetic concerns, consider alternatives like roomier shoes, inserts, or custom orthotics to straighten your toes. Surgery isn't recommended merely based on bunion size; preventive measures can make a significant impact.

Are your bunions painful?

If roomier shoes and orthotics fail to alleviate pain, surgery may be the next option. Painful bunions can lead to complications like bursitis or hammertoe.

Is your big toe swollen or stiff?

Chronic redness or swelling may indicate inflammation, potentially leading to arthritis. Initial remedies include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and ice, with surgery only if those first options prove ineffective. Stiffness in the big toe can affect your gait and lead to joint problems.

Is your big toe affecting other toes?

Severe misalignment may cause your big toe to crowd or cross over other toes, making surgery your best option. Your doctor thoroughly examines your feet and conducts imaging studies before suggesting surgery as a last resort.

Several surgical options 

There are several approaches to bunion surgery. Our podiatrists explain those here:

Tendon and ligament repair

Tendon and ligament repair corrects imbalances by repairing tight or loose tendons or ligaments.

Osteotomy

This involves cutting and realigning the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, which is held in place with screws.

Arthrodesis

Arthrodesis addresses arthritis by removing damaged joint areas and securing them with screws, wires, or plates.

Exostectomy

This procedure removes the bunion "lump," usually through osteotomy and tendon and ligament repair.

Resection arthroplasty

In a resection arthroplasty, the damaged MTP areas are removed to increase bone space. This is rarely done after prior failed surgeries.

Book a consultation today with the Adler Foot and Ankle experts to diagnose and treat bunions and all of your foot care needs. Call the office or request an appointment using the online booking tool.